ValueError: could not convert string to float shows up when you try to convert the string object to float. But the string object contains invalid floating characters such as commas, text, special characters, etc. Firstly, let’s understand what causes this error in detail. What causes ValueError: could not convert string to float? In real-time, the input files are in TXT,CSV, or XML format. The data from these files are treated as strings. Even the numerical data is considered as a string. To convert these number-like strings to float, we can use the float() method. float() constructs a floating-point number from the given string. … Read more

The error IndexError: arrays used as indices must be of integer (or boolean) type shows up when you use an array of float or string type as an index to an array. Let’s try to understand this error in a bit more detail. What causes the IndexError: arrays used as indices must be of integer (or boolean) type? Numpy arrays must have indices of type int or boolean. When indices of some other type, like floats or strings, are used, you see an error. Consider the following example, let’s say we have an array [[0,1,1.1],[0,2,2.1]]. We have to use the first column … Read more

You see an AttributeError: ‘bytes’ object has no attribute ‘encode’ when you use the encode function on a byte object. Let’s understand the problem in the next section.   What causes AttributeError: ‘bytes’ object has no attribute ‘encode‘? The process of converting strings to bytes is called encoding. Let’s understand this with an example. str=”Welocme to pythonhowto” print(type(str)) Output : <class ‘str’> When we encode the string object, we get a byte object as shown below. # Encode the String object encoded_str = str.encode() print(type(encoded_str)) Output: <class ‘bytes’> You see an error when you try to encode the byte object as … Read more

When you specify a path to the file, and the path contains the characters “\U” or “\u”, you see SyntaxError: (unicode error) ‘unicodeescape’ codec can’t decode bytes in position 2-3: truncated \UXXXXXXXX escape.   In this article, let’s discuss what causes this error and different ways to fix it. What causes the SyntaxError: (unicode error) ‘unicodeescape’ codec can’t decode bytes in position 2-3: truncated \UXXXXXXXX escape? We can specify the Unicode characters in Python string using the \u or \U character. For example, when we enter  \u2167, it treats this as a Unicode character and prints the appropriate value.   … Read more

The error FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory occurs when you try to access a file that does not exist in the given path. The error occurs for various reasons. Let us look at each one of them. The error occurs due to various reasons, let us look at each one of them. What causes FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory? When the system can’t find the file in the given path, this error is shown. The system might not find the file for any of the following reasons: You’ve specified the wrong path for the … Read more

JSON is a standard Python library used to parse the JSON format data received from APIs. The error JSONDecodeError: Expecting value: line 1 column 1 (char 0) occurs when the JSON response is not as expected. Firstly, let’s look at different causes for this error. Recommended Reading: How to Fix json.decoder.JSONDecodeError: Expecting value What causes the JSONDecodeError: Expecting value: line 1 column 1 (char 0) ? There are several reasons to see the JSON Decode Error in the program. Some of them are : The URL is not accessible. The content in the URL is not in JSON format. The … Read more

The TypeError: unhashable type:’dict’ error occurs when you use any unhashable/immutable objects like lists, dictionaries, etc as a key in the dictionary. In this article, let’s understand why this error is seen? Also, look at different ways of fixing it. Understanding TypeError: unhashable type ‘dict’ A dictionary is a collection of key-value pairs. It is unordered. Hence, it can’t be indexed using numbers. Instead, it is indexed using keys. A key in a dictionary must be unique. It must be of an immutable type like a string, a key, or a tuple. It must not be of the mutable/hashable type, … Read more

When you read an excel file with .xlsx extension using the pandas function read_excel() following error is thrown : XLRDError: Excel xlsx file; not supported Firstly, let’s understand what causes the error.   Why is “XLRDError: Excel xlsx file; not supported” seen? XLRD package has stopped its support for the excel files with the xlsx extension. This change has been made owing to a potential security risk. This is in effect from xlrd version 2.o in Python 3.9+. If you want to get rid of the error, you can try one of the following fixes.   Fix 1: Use openpyxl … Read more

The error No module named ‘pymysql’ occurs when you import the PyMySQL package. The installation of the PyMySQL package will be successful. However, when you try to import, you see one of the following errors : Import Error: No module named ‘pymysql’ or ModuleNotFoundError: No module named ‘pymysql’ Firstly, let’s understand why this error is seen. What causes the No module named ‘pymysql’ error? If you have installed the pymysql library using pip in the command prompt, the library would be located in,   C:\Users\%username%\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\Lib\site-packages If you are using some IDE or using a venv (Virtual environment), the library won’t be … Read more